The Effects Of Classical Music On Music - 785 Words

How to start listening to classical music and enjoy it. The love of classical music is not dead; it’s still active(alive?) in the sense that it is dying. To start listening to classical music, the concept is quite simple actually, you first must press play on whatever music playing device you have and make special note that it be classical music. Although the action to doing it is elementary, there are other factors you have to consider. For example: motivation, electricity/internet, and your mood, but I digress. If only we lived in the 1750-1830s, when men wore fake luscious wigs and high heels, this would be our jam! First, you need to lower your expectations and allow me to clear up some common myths. The Paragraph of Truth Classical music is boring only to those who are uneducated in music theory, similarly compared to those that watch football, but don’t know what a first down is. You understand the mass confusion that ensues. But you’re in luck, because this foreign language can be translated, and you don’t have to take a music theory class. â€Å"Infamy!† you say. No, I assure you there is a cheaper way, and that is simply to learn to appreciate the music (and all music) for what it is. Turn Down (DJ Snake) For What? Beethoven. Go ahead, ease into the change in music. You don’t have to starve yourself of music you like by binging on classical music that you abhor. Only a hardcore New Year’s resolution person would do that—don’t be that guy. Instead, decide whether youShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Classical Music On Music931 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is defined as â€Å"good† or â€Å"real† music? How does an individual come to define that? Many would say that classical music is â€Å"real† music since it is the basis of music that is created today and it has lasted through time. It is still heard today, one of the first types of music to last. Others may strongly disagree; even though it has stood the test of time what actually makes this the sole definition of â€Å"good† music? It doesn’t, there really is not a true universal definition. There are multipleRead MoreThe Effects of Classical Music on Individual3091 Words   |  13 Pagespeople who have taught me a lot about classical music. Finally, I sincerely thank to my parents, family, and friends, who provide the advice and financial support. The product of this research paper would not be possible without all of them. ABSTRACT Music has immense influence on people. Almost in every culture they have their own traditional music and anthem. It is actually another way of expressing ideas and emotions. Classical music is the root of all music and still practiced by a number ofRead MoreThe Effect of Classical Music on Exam Scores Essays2757 Words   |  12 Pagesself-confidence, and social stigma. Utilizing background music has long been studied as a factor to calm the mind and improve performance within the testing environment. Yahaya (2008) proposed the existence of a link between a students’ improvement in reasoning and visualization in the presence of background music. He stated the brain develops from stimulation of their senses by music. It has been suggested that classical music, due to its soothing tones and slow-tempo, results in relaxationRead MoreClassical Music: The Mozart Effect Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesThe Mozart effect is a phenomena whereby listening to ten minutes of Mozart’s music, a person’s spatial IQ is boosted by 8-9 points (on the Stanford-Binet IQ Scale), in comparison to listening to ten minutes of a relaxation tape or silence (Rauscher, Shaw and Ky, 1993). This literature review critically assesses the key works and concepts concerning the Mozart effect, specifically its methodologies, its limits, and finally, alternative theories. While some academics argue that ‘listening to MozartRead MoreThe Effect Of Classical Music On Short Term Memory2260 Words   |  10 PagesThe aim of this experiment was to measure the effect of classical music on short-term memory. The research hypothesis was that subjects would score significantly lower in a memory test of ten objects when listening to â€Å"The Flight of the Bumblebee† than the subjects listening to no music. In this experiment the design was repeated measures, meaning the participants took part in both the music and no-music conditions. The purpose of this was to prevent variables which may occur due to differences inRead More Does Classical Music Have an Effect on Infants Brain Development?1857 Words   |  8 PagesDoes Classical Music Have an Effect on Infants Brain Development? In 1998, Zell Miller, the governor of the state of Georgia, started a new program that distributed free CDs with classical music to the parents of every newborn baby in Georgia. Why did he do this? He certainly was not just trying to be nice and win a political statement; instead, his idea came from a new line of research showing a link between listening to classical music and enhanced brain development in infants. (1) SoRead MoreEffects Of Rock And Classical Music On The Heart Rate Of Grade 11 Girls1253 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Knowing how music affects heart rate can allow athletes to choose the correct music to make them more motivated and energized during their training sessions enhancing their performance and improving their competitive results; in addition knowledge of what genre of music could decrease their performance and times is equally important (Roth, 2013). It is important to know if the music has the ability soothe ill patients in hospitals as it may reduce their heart rate to in turn reduceRead MoreHow Has Classical Music Changed the World1724 Words   |  7 PagesHOW HAS CLASSICAL MUSIC CHANGED THE WORLD How has classical music changed the world we live in? The world we live in has changed but Classical music has remained the same. Classical music isn’t really prevalent in today’s society. Classical music doesn’t appeal to this generation. Classical music is more appreciated by older generations. Classical Music is not as popular today as it used to be. It has been around for hundreds of years and it is the oldest type of music out there. Classical musicRead MoreMusic Vs. Classical Music916 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Music How often do you listen to music while you’re studying to try to make the task more entertaining? Students regularly listen to music while studying as a way to help them stay engaged in studying (Beentjes, Koolstra, van der Voort, 1996). Well, based on what music you listen to, you may actually be hindering yourself rather than helping. When students listen to classical music while they are studying it has many beneficial effects. It has positive body influences, it activatesRead MoreClassical Music and Its Affect On Society865 Words   |  4 Pages How Classical Music Has Affected Society Music and society have always been intimately related. Music reflects and creates social conditions. Musics interconnection with society can be seen throughout history. Every known culture on the earth has it. Music seems to be one of the basic actions of humans. The influence of it on society can be clearly seen through ancient to modern history. The strongest effect given off from a genre of music would have to be classical music. The genre’s ability

E-Commerce and Information System - 2987 Words

Electronic commerce, and more broadly electronic business, has seen amazing growth in the past 15 years. With the introduction of Web browsers that incorporated user friendly graphic interfaces, E-commerce saw the beginning of its amazing growth. While talking about e-commerce and e-business, it is important to understand that there is a difference between the two. E-commerce is the process of exchanging goods and services over an electronic means, most popularly done over the Internet. E-business is the total activities a business engages in over the Internet, this includes e-commerce. Simply e-commerce is a small part of the makeup of e-business. With the CPA firms understanding of e-business, they are able to offer services to†¦show more content†¦A system control audit review file, also known as SCARF, this involves embedding audit software modules into the host application system to provide continuous monitoring of the system transactions. The modules are placed at predetermined points to gather information about transactions that the auditor deems to be material. This information is written onto a special file, a SCARF master file, which the auditor will then examine for auditing purposes. There are two decisions the auditor needs to make with this application, what information needs to be collected and where to embed the software. Another way for an auditor to gain from electronic assurance techniques is to monitor paperless systems through the digital agents. Digital agents are a data and code that act on the behalf of the user. There are reactive digital agents and proactive digital agents. A reactive digital agent filters incoming information, such as an order for goods that exceeds a certain dollar amount and is sent to a manager for approval. These are static and remain in one location in the system. A proactive digital agent searches the system for the existence of previously conveyed conditions and takes specific actions upon discover y or absence. There are many factors taken into account when a system’s internal controls are designed and implemented. Ideally, these controls will provide reasonable assurance in the effectiveness and efficiency of operations,Show MoreRelatedSocial Networking, E Commerce, Information Systems, It Risk Management Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pagesthis report is to understand the following topics which are Social networking, E commerce, information systems, IT risk management and how they have influenced the modern day business organizations in terms of Promoting their business through social networks, how important to have a risk management plan in an organization, and how Ecommerce has become essential part of the business, also The value of information system is for the people of the modern world. Introduction Social Networks:- What areRead MoreA Global E Commerce Company Called Alibaba ( China ) Co, Ltd With Company Background Information System1224 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of Big Data, relationship between business analytics and Big Data, and several commercial softwares of Big Data. Then the report will illustrate a case study on a global e-commerce company called Alibaba (China) Co, Ltd with company background information, challenges when facing and applying an accounting information system of Big Data and Benefits that Big Data bring to the company. It should be also noted that the report heavily emphases the impact of Big Data particularly through an accountingRead MoreComputer Security Systems Report : A Literature Review For Electronic Commerce Security850 Words   |  4 PagesCSci530 Computer Security Systems report: A literature review for Electronic Commerce Security Zhiheng Chu 4398125439 zchu@usc.edu I have read the Guide to Avoiding Plagiarism published by the student affairs office. I understand what is expected of me with respect to properly citing sources, and how to avoid representing the work of others as my own. I wrote the material in this paper, except for such material that is quoted or indented and properly cited to indicate the sources of the materialRead MoreDiscuss the Global Impact of E-Commerce on Society. Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesP 2.2 Discuss the global impact of e-Commerce on society. Ans Positive effects of e-commerce on society * Convenience * Helpful for disables and aged people * Time saving * Information availability * Helpful for new business * Jobs for society * 24 hour service * Available niche products * Disintermediation * Environment friendly Negative effects of e-commerce on society * Unemployment * Increase in crime * HealthRead MoreDigital Indi Challenges Of Data Mining Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesDigital india :- Challenges of Data Mining Implementation in E-Commerce in India Abstract: Data mining has drastically altered how businesses are being operated, especially in the online domain. This paper attempts to review the massive growth of data mining applications to improve the profitability of e-commerce ventures. As consumers increasingly tend to make their purchases online and with many companies investing heavily on improving their web presenceRead MoreReport on E-Commerce Security1734 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION 3 2. Features of E-commerce: 4 2.1. Security role in present E-commerce: 4 2.2. Security Factors in E-commerce: 5 3. Security Technologies: 7 3.1. Secure Electronic Transaction (SET): 7 3.2. Secure Socket Layer (SSL): 8 3.3. Firewall: 8 4. Conclusion: 9 5. References: 11 ABSTRACT In the E-commerce security is most important point because a website is to protect the valuable information. It plays a vital role to provide security to the customer information. It mainly deals whenRead MoreImpact Of E Commerce On Global Economy1352 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Impact of E-Commerce on Global Economy It is exciting area especially E-Commerce. The advancement in World Wide Web, computers and mobile wireless communication technologies are transforming the way business is conducted. The success stories of Amazon, eBay are few examples. New technologies have provided the required platform for innovation, growth, shopping convenience, and price advantage due to the boundary less competition. Business leaders across the industry are developingRead MoreE Commerce : A Small On Line Business1317 Words   |  6 Pages$265 billion (internetretailer.com). Today technology is business. E-commerce is big business. In the discussion I will state how e-commerce impacts consumers in many areas. First, I will define e-commerce. Then, I will discuss the advantages and disadvantage of e-commerce. Next, I will discuss hosting an e-commerce site for a small on-line business. This paper will focus on capabilities and costs for creating an e-commerce site. In addition to the capabilities and the costs the hosting sitesRead MoreIn This Technology Era, It Is Essential To Have A Web Presence1476 Words   |  6 Pagesis prominent is E-commerce, allowing the business to have a web frontend, which provides the same services as traditional commerce world. The rapid changing technology had provided the opportunity for the companies to reach to a wide variety of consumers not just across the nation but also throughout the world. Based on the observation of how a small-sized business can reach more clients spread across the world, one of the high achiever’s path was to have a user-friendly e-commerce website to keepRead MoreSystem Analysis and Design1287 Words   |  6 PagesSystem Analysis and Design Syllabus SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Module 1: Data and Information (3) Types of information: operational, tactical, strategic and statutory – why do we need information systems – management structure – requirements of information at different levels of management – functional allocation of management – requirements of information for various functions – qualities of information – small case study. Module 2: Systems Analysis and Design Life Cycle (3) Requirements determination

Controversy Behind Qatar 2022 Bid Free Essays

Qatar 2022 On 2 December 2010 it was announced that Qatar would host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, after the FIFA Executive Committee voted in a secret ballot in Zurich. The government of Qatar’s successful proposal bid defeated four other candidates to stage the 2022 edition of the world’s greatest sporting event: Australia, Korea Republic, Japan and the United States of America. Qatar, with a population of 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Controversy Behind Qatar 2022 Bid or any similar topic only for you Order Now 69 million people will be the first Arab state to host the World Cup. Consequently, Qatar is the smallest nation, both by relative population and by area, ever to have been awarded the tournament hosting privilege. The Qatar bid was emphasized as the only one representing the Arab World (which has never hosted a World Cup prior) and positioned their bid as an opportunity to bridge the gap between the Arab World and the West. Their hosting of the 2006 Asian Games as well as the 2011 Asian Cup proved to legitimize their capabilities of hosting the tournament. Further, its superior financial capabilities were evident in their proposals for new stadia and infrastructure. While the decision on 2 December 2010 brought delight to Qatar, it inversely brought concern and controversy in the West. A number of rival candidates, western groups and media outlets have expressed concern over the suitability of Qatar to host the event, with regard to climatic conditions, interpretations of human rights, press freedom and allegations of corruption. Climate: Winter World Cup? The World Cup is traditionally held in the northern hemisphere’s summer. During this season in Qatar, the temperature can get to 50  °C  (122  Ã‚ °F). The Qatar bid’s chief executive, Hassan al-Thawadi has attempted to quell fears of an unbearable environment by stating â€Å"heat is not and will not be an issue† and that the 2022 World Cup would benefit from â€Å"state-of-the-art air cooling technologies. † The Qatar 2022 Bid’s official site explains this: â€Å"Each of the five stadiums will harness the power of the sun’s rays to provide a cool environment for players and fans by converting solar energy into electricity that will then be used to cool both fans and players at the stadiums. When games are not taking place, the solar installations at the stadia will export energy onto the power grid. During matches, the stadia will draw energy from the grid. This is the basis for the stadiums’ carbon-neutrality. Along with the stadiums, we plan to make the cooling technologies we’ve developed available to other countries in hot climates, so that they too can host major sporting events. † This method of cooling techniques is theoretically able to reduce temperatures from 50 to 27 degrees Celsius. The bidding committee also proposes to use such cooling technologies in fan-zones, training pitches and walkways between metro stations and stadiums. However, the architect in charge of one of the venues has abandoned their project claiming that a more old-fashioned solution would be cheaper and better. Leading firm Populous, which is designing the Sports City stadium in Doha, is trying to persuade Qatari organizers to scrap plans to have air conditioning at the venue. Populous director John Barrow said the system is too expensive and â€Å"notoriously unsustainable† for the environment when used on a large scale. Given the debate on the subject, a proposal of hosting a â€Å"Winter World Cup† has arisen. Backed by the likes of Blatter and Platini, the proposal suggests for the tournament to be held in January of 2022, rather than the summer. Blatter has told reporters â€Å"Personally, now that the decision has been taken [to have the tournament in Qatar], we must play at the most adequate period to have a successful World Cup and to have a successful World Cup we have to do it when it is best for the actors which means winter. † However, Mr. Blatter has failed to provide a solution on the effect it would have on European domestic leagues which operate in this period. There is nothing in FIFA’s rules to prevent a host changing the time of year when a World Cup is played. It is only tradition that dictates this. And the FIFA executive committee has the authority to change any aspect of the World Cup after the decision is made. Worker’s Conditions Given its lack of sporting infrastructure, the Gulf state must build nine football stadiums in the next ten years- and they’ll be using primarily migrant labor (over 90% of Qatar’s workforce is made up of foreign migrant workers). Trade union activists are now lobbying FIFA to highlight what they say are poor working conditions in Qatar. International trade unionists say FIFA has the power to impose decent working standards on Qatar and will campaign for the tournament to be moved unless FIFA presses for better conditions. If Qatar is unable to support the tournament on its own, Secretary-General Jerome Valcke has suggested the tournament be shared with neighboring states, such as Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates. Alcohol and Homosexuality Qatar is not a dry country. Alcohol can currently be consumed legally in a few clubs, bars, certain hotel restaurants, and the Pearl Island by showing your passport for reporting. Hassan Abdulla al Thawadi, chief executive of the Qatar 2022 World Cup bid, said the Muslim state would also permit alcohol consumption during the event. Specific fan-zones will be established where alcohol can be bought. Though legal with a permit, drinking in public is not permitted as Qatar’s legal system is based on  Sharia  law. The selection of Qatar as hosts attracted controversy, as  homosexuality  is illegal in Qatar. FIFA President  Sepp Blatter  stated that â€Å"we (FIFA) don’t want any discrimination. What we want to do is open this game to everybody, and to open it to all cultures, and this is what we are doing in 2022. Corruption: Bribery Scandal Six members of Fifa’s executive committee — a quarter of the membership – were accused by Lord Treisman (Chairman of England’s bid) of â€Å"improper and unethical behaviour† with two members, Issa Hayatou, of Cameroon, and Jacques Anouma, of Ivory Coast, alleged to received $1. 5 million each in bribes from the Qatar 2022 bid in exchange for their votes. The bribery allegations against Qatar were made in evidence from  The Sunday Times  and published by the committee. As a result, in November 2010, two ExCo members,  Reynald Temarii  and  Amos Adamu, were banned for one and three years respectively. Temarii was also fined 5,000 Swiss Francs, while Adamu was fined 10,000 Swiss Francs. More corruption allegations emerged in the summer of 2011. In May, ExCo member Chuck Blazer claimed fellow members Mohammed Bin Hammam and Jack Warner offered bribes for votes in the upcoming presidential election. As a result of this scandal, Bin Hammam stood down from the June 2011 presidential election and FIFA later suspended both he and Jack Warner. Sepp Blatter stood unopposed and won the election with 186 out of 203 votes. Bin Hammam’s suspension had been met with widespread anger in the Middle East- He was subsequently banned for life in July. Warner responded to his suspension by exposing an email by Valcke in which the Secretary-General suggested Qatar had â€Å"bought† the right to host 2022 tournament. Valcke defended his statement, insisting he was referring to Qatar using financial muscle to lobby legitimately for votes. â€Å"They were a candidate with a very important budget and used it to heavily promote their bid all around the world in a very efficient manner,† he said. â€Å"I have made no reference to any purchase of votes or similar unethical behaviour. Qatar 2022’s bid team said they â€Å"categorically deny† any wrongdoing, and asked for clarification from FIFA on the meaning of the Valcke e-mail. Nevertheless, the scandal has raised concerns over $10 billion of investment and development contracts related to stadiums and hotels for the World Cup in Qatar. Possibility of a Re-Vote Given the developments in corruption and bribery scandals, as well as questions concerning the Qatar’s capabilities of hosting the tournament effectively, there is a ground swell of popular support to re-hold the 2022 vote won by Qatar. Blatter has said that a FIFA inquiry into persistent and increasingly detailed claims of corruption could lead to the Executive Committee (ExCo) making the unprecedented move of rerunning the vote. Blatter also conceded that support for re-running the vote was â€Å"circulating around the world†. Such a move would be a monumental embarrassment to FIFA but that has to now be balanced with the equivalent embarrassment of more allegations leaking out. How to cite Controversy Behind Qatar 2022 Bid, Papers

Impact of Technology on Market Research †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Technology on Market Research. Answer: Introduction There has been a significant impact of technology in the field of marketing along with every other discipline in the business. The impacts of technology in the marketing sector are diverse. Organizations are given the task of managing more of marketing options than before and the consumers have been integrated more with the marketing information than it had been in the past (Babin and Zikmund 2015). As per the perception of the organization, the technology has a great impact on the ability of collecting and organizing the data relating to marketing, developing a process of different types and formatting the advertising assets. Organizations have data, marketing formats and various online places for communicating with the customers. When a marketer considers the impact of technology, the thing, which is most important, is to maintain a full scope for the relevant options and various channels, which can be used to communicate with the prevalent consumers. Marketing has increasingly int egrated into everyones life if we see from the consumers perception. Consumers are having a great impact from the privacy point of view because of the amount of information available from various social networks (Johnston and Marshall 2016). For both the organization and the consumers, the most important takeaway would be the way big data, the diverged distribution opportunities, the way the products and the consumers are combined. Role of marketing As we have seen that the main objective of the marketing efforts of the organization is developing satisfying relationships with the customers that will ensure benefits for both the organization and the customers. At the organizational level, marketing has been regarded as the most important vital function, which is necessary for all the industries whether the organization is earning profit, or not (Jayawarna 2014).For the organizations who are making profits, marketing is important for bringing revenue and bring profits for the organization. In case of the non-profit organizations, marketing is important for earning profits like raising donations or for supporting the cause. It is unlikely for both the organizations to survive in the absence of a strong marketing effort. Marketing is also regarded as the organizational business area, which frequently communicates with the public, and subsequently what the public knows about an organization is determined by interacting with the marke ters (Malhotra, Birks and Wills 2013). There are various benefits which marketing offers to the society, which includes: Development of products that would satisfy the needs of the people and products that would raise the standard of living of the people. Competitive environment helps to keep the price of the products low. Development of products distribution systems that provides access to products for a large number of customers prevailing in different geographical areas. Increase in demand for the products in the organization would be require expanding labour force. Techniques having the ability to transmit the messages that will change the social behavior in a positive way. Impact of technology on market research One of the most powerful tool for the market research is social media. On contrary keeping a good track record is next to impossible this is due to the availability of number of users online. The number of people who are online is considered positive but gathering of data can be treated as burdensome. Social media has been considered as the most important observational researches (Hajli 2014). Internet and the other technology advances will have great impact on the marketing research. The lifecycles of the product and the consumers are changing rapidly and it is mainly because of technology and internet. The amount of data being gathered has also being increased greatly. How a marketing research firm will benefit by adopting new technologies Technology helps in innovating the business and promoting growth. the facility management organizations tend to be wearying new technologies, take risks and implement solutions. Adaptation of new technology is one of the ways for driving growth and profitability and it can even make the business better. With advancing data analytics and the business management system it helps the industries in cutting the costs down and gaining a competitive edge. It is even crucial for the business leader and the technology partners to work as per the strategy prepared. Innovative technologies can help in cost reduction and lower barriers to entry (Grint and Woolgar 2013). Technologies involved here would include mobile applications, cloud, business intelligence platforms and applications. It is important that the new technologies are such that it provides improvement in the business outcomes. Thereby, while considering the emerging technologies the organization should consider the business position with regards to the involved risks and the rewards. The rewards should be significant. By using early adaptors, the organization can determine the possible rewards. Adaptation of the innovative technologies means that the organization has time to learn how to operate the technology in the best possible way by claiming the market share and take into consideration whether to go ahead or not. By successfully implementing, the right technology stakeholders can deliver business performance benefits up to the bottom line. For enabling the management, organization to operate effectively the new technology should be in place. New technologies will increase the productivity and improve the efficiency. Technology has opened various options which making the world a much smaller place. Being a researcher, technology is capable of accessing the respondents globally and processes the insights and peek inside the life of the respondents in real time whenever and wherever they happen to be (Clarkson 2014). Technological advances in the marketing sector involve the integration of multiple data sources, giving a holistic view of a person. Technology enables the integration of the collection of data and helps the business in producing some meaningful insights. Conclusion Todays business systems should be such that it should reach each organization so that the contrasting information can be integrated in a more meaningful way. They should have the capability of coping up with the complexity related to the scattered technologies and an enterprise information base. Quick development of applications would go without saying anything and the applications should be designed in such a way that it embraces constant change. The business system should be a knowledge-based system and it is important for the research reports to specify the alternative courses of actions and the probability of success wherever possible from these alternatives. References Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015. Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Christensen, C.M., 2013. The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press. Clarkson, P.H., Accenture Global Services Gmbh, 2014. Technology benefits realization for public sector. U.S. Patent 8,655,710. Grint, K. and Woolgar, S., 2013. The machine at work: Technology, work and organization. John Wiley Sons. Hajli, M.N., 2014. A study of the impact of social media on consumers. International Journal of Market Research, 56(3), pp.387-404. Jayawarna, D., Jones, O., Lam, W. and Phua, S., 2014. The performance of entrepreneurial ventures: Examining the role of marketing practices. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 21(4), pp.565-587. Johnston, M.W. and Marshall, G.W., 2016. Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Malhotra, N.K., Birks, D.F. and Wills, P., 2013. Essentials of marketing research. Pearson.

Damn it! My little brother cusses annoyingly as Essays - Chemistry

"Damn it!" My little brother cusses annoyingly as hot oil spurts out from the engine, misses the pan, and runs down his left arm. The scene is a mess. His 1989 Honda Accord is jacked up dangerously at an odd angle. Dirty rags and newspapers are scattered everywhere. A black toolbox is resting on its side, while big and small sockets are rolling all over the place. Oil from the spill is now drawing long dark streaks on the brand new driveway (he just had his driveway resurfaced a few weeks ago). My little brother has limited knowledge about automotive repair, but because he wants to save $20, the average cost to have the oil change done by a mechanic, he decides to tackle the task himself. However, if he had paid attention to see how his mechanic did it on his last visit to the shop, he would not be in such a mess as he is now. A passenger car needs oil change once every 3000 miles or so in order to keep the engine running smoothly. Mechanics do this task with ease, not only because t hey are better equipped, but also because they are well-trained automotive professionals. I personally think that he should just spend the $20 for this service at the shop, for it will be done the mechanics way - the only way. The getting ready stage is quick and painless for an experienced mechanic. He drives the car up the hydraulic ramps. After setting the parking brake, he climbs out and sets the four wooden blocks against the four tires. Although this is not a necessary step, a good mechanic will do it anyway to ensure the safety of his co-workers, himself, and his customers, who may be standing close by to watch. Next, he opens up the hood, undoes the oil cap (air pressure will help the oil to drain out more easily), then raises the car to where it is a few inches above the top of his head. This way, he won't have to stoop too low or reach too high to work. The next step is to gather the tools he will need to do this particular task. He walks over to his toolbox. With one dip of his hand into a drawer of what seems to be hundreds of different sized sockets, he was able to pick out the exact socket for the draining bolt of the car. Not forgetting to pick up a ratchet and a filter wrench, he leaves his toolbox and walks over to the "oil catcher". This oil catcher is a red cylindrical container about two feet in diameter, which can be moved around with the four small wheels at the bottom. Sitting on top of the container is a large, rather funny looking shallow funnel with a long snout. After dragging everything he has collected over to the waiting car, the mechanic is now ready to tackle the business of changing the oil. The next stage involves draining the used oil from the engine. Every mechanic knows the oil should be drained while the engine is still warm. It will be hot, but that is good; it will flow better and can be drained completely from the engine. After putting on a pair of latex gloves to protect his hands from the oil, he picks up the socket and positions the oil container to where the stream of hot oil will be coming down. He fits the socket onto the draining bolt then uses the ratchet to turn the bolt counter-clockwise to loosen it, after which he unfastens it the rest of the way with his hand. As the bolt rotates through the last thread and falls down to the oil catcher, dark burnt used oil from the engine squirts out from the opening, only to disappear down the large funnel into the container below. While the oil catcher is patiently collecting the last dripping of the dirty black ooze from the engine, the mechanic moves on to the next stage of the process: changing the oil filter. The oil filter is used to filter out debris while the oil is being cycled through a running engine. Without

When Brothers Share a Wife by Melvyn C. Goldstein Essays

When Brothers Share a Wife by Melvyn C. Goldstein Essays When Brothers Share a Wife by Melvyn C. Goldstein Paper When Brothers Share a Wife by Melvyn C. Goldstein Paper Essay Topic: O Brother Where Goldstein is an American Anthropologist and Tibet scholar whose mall focus Is on the Tibetan society. In this article, It speaks about these three brothers who are Tibetan living in Limb, Nepal. They are all to marry one wife who leaves her home to live with them. All of the brothers share working and having sex with their wife. Unlike our own society, Tibetan society allows a variety of marriage types: monogamy, fraternal polyandry and polygon. They have these family plans for each type of marriages. Monogamy Is when the three brothers take three wives and each have three sons and so on. Polyandry Is when the three brothers take one wife and have three sons. In my opinion both these types are wrong. Im not sure of anyone being in their right mind, would think its okay for brothers to marry one wife together. Its odd to think the wife doesnt seem to care, she thinks of it more as a way that three husbands are better and more helpful than one. This article reminds me of the video we watched in class only a little different. The video had to do with men who had more than one wife; each woman would watch their own area near their hut. The one message to receive and get out of this article is the culture relativity. It goes to show that each culture is valid in its own way. The Tibetan society were grown up to learn that their relationships are okay Just as how weve grown up in our own society to think it isnt normal and that are way is the right way.

Find a sidedraft carburetor with labelled with it's part list for a Assignment

Find a sidedraft carburetor with labelled with it's part list for a car ,, and find 3 positive & 3 negative aspects of the down draft carburetor - Assignment Example The fundamental issue with acquiring the best execution utilizing a carburetor is that it cannot screen the air to fuel proportion for every individual barrel. In the event that there was a carburetor for every barrel, this would not be an issue. So with a carburetor, the best fuel to air proportion for every chamber is approximated for the best execution (Leffingwell, 2012). Nevertheless, carburetors do last more than fuel infusion systems and are supported in engine sports. Carburetors are additionally much less complex to introduce than fuel infusion systems, because there are no electrical segments or return lines to the fuel tank. The carburetor is presently substantially less costly than the electronic fuel infusion systems. Negatively, at a low speed, the mixture supplied by a side-draft Carburetor is weak to the point that it wont light appropriately and for its advancement, at such conditions some course of action in the carburetor is obliged to be made. The working of side-draft carburetor is influenced by changes of barometrical weight (Gunnell, 2011). Carburetors utilized as a part of the airship are to be given height control as the rich mixture is unnecessarily accessible, because of less thickness of the air. In addition, the working of side-draft carburetor is influenced by changes of environmental temperature. In the event that the setting is carried out in winter season, it will be found to give excessively rich mixture in the late spring. This happens because of less thickness of air with the ascent of temperature to a grater degree than the thickness of fuel (Gunnell, 2007). It gives the best possible mixture at stand out motor speed and burden, in this way, suitable just for motors running at steady speed build or diminishing ,the amount of fuel issuing out will change and not match the speed of air moving through the venturi

Cultural Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cultural Studies - Essay Example The basic understanding has been brought forward by the rationale as provided by Geert Hofstede as well as a number of other thinkers, researchers of current times as well as of the past. The fact that cultural studies and its attainment is significant lies in the rationale that comes from the discussion of value, authority, power and its linked associations. This is because cultural studies are inter-twined with such elements which require understanding of pertinent issues within the related domains of culture and not only that but also the whole paradigm under which a society operates in entirety. Issues of structuralism, where an attempt at studying the human sciences is of utmost significance, are raised ever more so often. What this does is to establish a need for connecting the very basis of mythological and other fields with the complex systems comprised within the inter-related parts of the structural domains. (Hawkes, 2003) The inter-disciplinary tangents within the cultural studies make it all the more interesting, more so due to the fact that there is a cultural harmony amongst the different regimes which bring about the association of the varied disciplines in the first place. The inter-disciplinary issues could focus a little towards the anthropological, literary theory and/or psychoanalysis aspects so that the relation within the cultural studies is one of a significant one all this while. Similarly, post-structuralism is also an important ingredient of this debate as it brings to light the quintessential domains of intellectual developments related with different philosophers and critical theorists who have written meticulous tendencies with respect to different eras. Cultural understandings become even more essential when one comprehends the fact that the same phenomenon is in close alliance with postmodernism and its sub-forms. (Waterbury, 1993) Thus theory and practice play alongside each other towards the betterment of the

London School Business & Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

London School Business & Finance - Essay Example As the report discusses  internet marketing is an effort that helps to facilitate overall marketing concept by using different internet portals as well as various electronic medium. Global context that are associated with digital improvement is an identical objective that is evident within every marketing practices and assist in enlarging the value that is associated with the overall advertising technique that is provided using electronic media.This essay stresses that in the current complex social domain, it is identifiable that the organisations that are trying to develop its competitive advantage need to maintain a string digital presence. In order to maintain the competitive advantage within the current complex business internet marketing has emerged to be a concept that helps in engaging overall business artillery using large web mediums.  Internet marketing is identified to be a process of marketing as well promoting events that are conducted using the Web, email along with other mediums that helps in fulfilling the needs of internet marketing. Various elements including social media, website, blog, networking, and attractive public interfaces enhances the ability of the internet .Social media is identified to be having certain involvement to increase the overall business campaign virtually.  Now a day’s people highly prefer to conduct online activities and sharing information with the use of digital media.

Coases Theorem of Coase and Cattle

Coases Theorem of Coase and Cattle After familiarizing myself with Ronald Coases theory of economic efficiencies in economic externalities, I have discovered that Coases theorem is greatly debated amongst scholars who study law and economics. I have discovered the two schools of legal thought which are torn apart because of their opinion on the validity of Coases theorem. Basically, Ronald Coase declared that when there are no transaction costs, bargaining between neighbors will lead to an efficient outcome, regardless of the laws on property rights. The theorem is saying that when the transaction costs are low and somebody trespasses onto anothers property, in this case, cattle, neighbors are more likely to resolve the dispute by forgiving the trespass or by repaying the trespassed with a small reward. Since he has made it clear that this theory works when transaction costs are low, I agree absolutely with Ronald Coase. Ronald Coases theory that, when transaction costs are minimal, bargaining powers of people will re sult in an efficient outcome is correct. In Robert Ellicksons article, Of Coase and Cattle, he mentions a story about Frank Ellis and Larry Brennan. Larry Brennan lost approximately seven tons of baled hay to Frank Ellis cattle while they were roaming in open range. Brennan could have taken Ellis to court to reclaim a monetary value of approximately $500, but instead, he decided to notify Ellis of his cows wrongdoing. Ellis offered to give Brennan some of the hay that was baled in his barn, but Brennan declined the offer. Instead, Brennan knew that it would be in his favor in the future to have Ellis indebted to him, incase a situation arises where Brennan would need a favor performed. Since the transaction costs were pretty low and there was close proximity between Brennan and Ellis, the situation was resolved with efficiency. This is pretty common in rural areas since people of the small townships and farming communities live by the motto â€Å"live and let live.† The people who repeat this motto know they should p ut up with small imbalances in their accounts because they perceive that their future interactions will provide adequate opportunities for settling old scores. The fourth chapter of â€Å"Economic Foundations of Law,† by Stephen Spurr, has a great analogy of the Coase theorem that relates it to a Pareto-optimal efficient outcome. The example describes a conflict between a cattle rancher and a farmer who have adjoining properties. Since they have adjoining properties in an open range system, the cattle owned by the rancher are more than likely going to wander around within the farmers property—since it is almost impossible to tell which direction or how far cattle are going to migrate in the open range. With the herd of cattle grazing and walking around on the farmers crops, the farmer sustains a loss. However, the Coase theorem would make it simple for the farmer and rancher to come to terms and decide a remedy for the farmers loss. Stephen Spurr says, on page 67, â€Å"The socially optimal number of steers is the number that maximizes total social benefit minus total social cost, that is, the profit to the cattle rancher min us the damage to the farmer.† Essentially, this is saying that damage could be controlled by controlling the amount of head are in a herd of cattle which will in turn reduce transactions costs by reducing the amount the farmer will lose in damaged crops. From the pair of examples above, it is fairly easy to understand the Coase theorem. However, in Of Coase and Cattle: Dispute Resolution Among Neighbors in Shasta County, lies a vast story about a dispute between Frank Ellis, a new cattle rancher, and Doug Heinz, another cattle rancher. Since Frank Ellis was in an open range ordinance, he let his huge herd roam free. Ellis herd consisted of thousands of head of cattle and his property was approximately 15,300 acres, making it easily the largest farm in Shasta County at the time. Ellis hired a group of Mexican cowboys to take care of his handiwork, which included tending to the herd and doing whatever necessary farm tasks were required. Since his herd was situated on an open range, his cowboys â€Å"deliberately crossed the unfenced private lands of others, but also used those lands as free pasture,† as quoted by Ellickson. His exploitation of the laws of the open range sent anger flowing throughout the community, eventually enr aging a man named Doug Heinz. Doug Heinzs farm was situated right next to Ellis property, so the two were technically neighbors. While Heinzs farm was greatly smaller, approximately only 12 acres, Ellis herd was always destroying the fence that Heinz constructed in order to keep other cattle off of his land. When Heinz noticed some of Ellis cattle breaking through his fence, he decided to call Ellis and complain. To make a story short, Ellis sent a few of his cowboys out to retrieve the cattle. Their method of retrieving the cattle ended up destroying more of Heinzs fence and damaging even more of the crops. The cowboys took off more quickly than they came and Heinz never saw any sort of repayment for the damage done to his property. This caused Heinz to protest to the county supervisor and round up signatures on a petition to make the area, coincidentally around Ellis land, closed range. However, Heinzs petition to make the region closed range was never passed and Heinz was never r ewarded for the damage done to his property and had to suffer from more abuse at the hands of Ellis herd. Due to Heinz not receiving just compensation for his trouble, the Coase theorem cannot be applied here. The transaction costs were very high, with most of it coming from the damage done to Heinzs property, and the rest coming from the time that was spent circulating a petition to close the range. A Pareto-optimal resolution was not reached either, which is why Of Coase and Cattle attempts to explain the flaws in the Coase theorem. However, the author of Of Coase and Cattle does not take into account the transaction costs of the Ellis-Heinz conflict. The article also discusses conflicts between Traditionalists and Modernists, both of which are styles that ranchers use to take care of their herd. In Shasta County, California, these two neighboring styles are the scene of many conflict and episodes which convert the open range ordinances into closed range. The open range favoring Traditionalists believe their cattle can roam freely without any interruption in the land because they shouldnt have to fence in their cattle to remain on their property. The Modernists believe exactly the opposite; that ranchers should keep their cattle behind fences to prevent damage to neighboring property owned privately. The Traditionalists follow the practices of cattle ranching that were predominant in Shasta County in the 1920s. Traditionalists in the county believe that a rancher shouldnt fence his property because during the summer months, it would take an inefficient amount of land to make sure a herd as little of 200 cattle would be able to be nourished. Thus, the ranchers would let the cattle roam freely as to find nutrients around the mountainous regions of Shasta County. Just by stating that doesnt paint the entire picture, though. Traditionalist ranchers purchase grazing leases through the United States Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management, as well as timber companies. The inefficiency of this is that a Traditionalist with a herd of only 100 cattle would need to lease a forest equal to the area of the city of San Francisco. Traditionalists would also need to construct fences to keep their cattle within the boundaries of the grazing lease areas, but since harsh winter storms and intense summer heat destroy their fences; its obvious that the most cost effective way to combat the phenomenon is to not erect a fence. The Modernists, who are typically younger than typical Traditionalists, see the Traditionalist way of ranching as primitive and out dated. The Modernist view is that their cattle do not belong on other peoples property, and vice versa; other peoples cattle do not belong on theirs. Not only do they wish to reduce the risk of damage done by their herd on anothers property, they also see it easier to administer nutrients, protect their herd from being impregnated by bulls, protect their herd from predators, and to watch over their herd during the dangerous winter months. The fenced boundaries are more of a sign to â€Å"stay out,† which adds privacy and value to the land. However, the cost of fencing off the boundary of an entire property by Californias standards is very costly. The statute that defines a legal â€Å"fence† efficient enough to house cattle calls for three tightly stretched strands of barbed wire stapled to posts situated approximately one rod, or 16 and one half feet, apart. Since Shasta County residents typically use four strands of barbed wire and steel posts instead of cedar, the cost of the fence has gone up. Ellickson gave the quote of the materials necessary to construct a four-strand barbed wire fence in the year 1982 as $2,000 per mile, which doubles if private firms are called in to perform construction. If, for example, Doug Heinz wanted to fence off his property, it would have cost him $18,000 for materials and another $18,000 for labor in the year 1982. A total cost of $36,000 in the year 1982 to enclose ones own property does not seem as efficient as being able to dedicate some of your time to help your neighbor replant damaged crops. Period maintenance on fences may also prove to be costly, especially in the weather of S hasta County. The point of comparing Traditionalists to Modernists is summed up by the first story of Ellis and Brennan. Modernists are willing to spend tens of thousands of dollars to make sure theyre investment, which could be the herd of cattle or the rest of their property, is slightly protected. The illusion of safety and security is heavily present in their ideology, which always isnt the case. Traditionalists believe they could remedy whatever problems arise by offering their assistance in fixing whatever damage takes place, whether it is to re-fence an area of land or to replant crops that were damaged by stampeding herds. It is much more cost effective to live the way of the Traditionalists. However, there are two sides to every story. One could consider Ellis to be a Traditionalist since he let his herd graze in open range. But, since a typical rancher in Shasta County does not have nearly the amount of cattle that Frank Ellis had, we can consider it an anomaly. Ellis caused thousands of dollars of damage and tallied up huge transaction costs in the effort that it took to circulate petitions by both parties, Ellis and Heinzs. Traditionalists can also solely be blamed for provoking Shasta County to enforce closed range policies in different areas. The stories discussed in Of Coase and Cattle not only prove the Coase theorem to be correct, but also proves Ellickson wrong. Ellickson wanted to prove Coase wrong by performing a tremendous amount of research in a county in California that has its problems when it comes to property law. Ellickson describes many different scenarios, all of which can easily be determined to be efficient or non-efficient. Ellickson simply states that Coase is wrong in his theory, but does not take into account the transaction costs for any of the stories. He may present the costs to each party involved in an incident, but he does not deduct that the costs arent necessarily high or low. To break this down further, we can reexamine Ellis versus Heinz and Ellis versus Brennan once more. Ellis versus Heinz was not Pareto-optimal because the transaction costs involved in resolving the incident were extremely high. If transaction costs arent defined simply in monetary terms, they could be described as stress and time spent on resolving a situation. In other words, transaction costs could also have the same definition as opportunity costs. Ellis herd cost Heinz tens of thousands of dollars that were never repaid, and thousands of dollars to other farmers which were also never repaid. However, the costs dont end there. Heinz and his allies spent a lot of time, grief, and money to go out and find people to sign his petition to get Ellis ranch on a closed range ordinance. Ellis did the same, to spend time to find people to sign a petition to keep his range open. The transaction costs in this example are extremely high since Ellis spent a lot of time and grief in attempt to fight Heinz and vice versa. To make the case even more interesting, Ellis was forced to fence off his land, which didnt benefit him in the long run. Therefore, the Coase theorem doesnt apply to this situation. At the same time though, Ellis versus Brennan resulted in an efficient outcome, since Brennan refused to take up Ellis offer of replenishing his supply of hay. There are a few schools of thought who think Coase was wrong in his theory. But, after reading Of Coase and Cattle, it becomes obvious that Ellickson was incorrect in his thesis that Coase was wrong. He is incorrect for a number of reasons, with the main one being that he doesnt take into account the transaction costs for the conflicts that he reports on. The main element of this paper was about Ellis versus Heinz, which proves that Ellickson was incorrect. When the transaction costs are low, the Coase theorem is 100-percent accurate. Ellis versus Brennan is a good example of that, as well as the quotes from ranchers in Shasta County. â€Å"I dont believe in lawyers [because there are] always hard feelings [when you litigate]† was said by Owen Shellworth, a Shasta County rancher. Another quote, by Tony Morton, states â€Å"being good neighbors means no lawsuits.† It is clear that neighbors would be more willing to settle conflicts on their own when the transaction costs are small. However, if the transaction costs are high, as in Heinzs case, the outcome will be inefficient. Of Coase and Cattle is a great read if you want to learn about property rights, dispute settlements, and the Coase theorems application to modern times. Of Coase and Cattle proves that with minimal transaction costs and defined property rights, the Coase theorem is accurate in predicting outcomes.

Candide Essay -- essays research papers

Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire’s novella, Candide, incorporates many themes, yet concentrates a direct assault on the ideas of Leibniz and Pope. These two well-known philosophers both held the viewpoint that the world created by God was the best of all possibilities, a world of perfect order and reason. Pope specifically felt that each human being is a part of God’s great and all knowing plan or design for the world. Voltaire had a very opposite point of view in that he saw a world of needless pain and suffering all around him. Voltaire, a deist, believed that God created the world, yet he felt that the people were living in a situation that was anything but perfect. Thus, the major theme of Candide is one of the world not being the best of all possibilities, full of actions definitely not determined by reason or order, but by chance and coincidence. To prove his point, Voltaire uses pointed satire directed at various organizations and groups prevalent in his time period. In particular, Voltaire takes aim at organized religion, in particular Catholicism, as well as aristocratic arrogance and war. All of Voltaire’s comments are precisely chosen to convey his point that those in power were completely corrupt in all their thoughts and actions. Throughout the entire book, Voltaire portrays religious men, such as monks and priests, as hypocrites who do not live up to the religious standards that they set upon others. Voltaire first attacks the men of the Church and their hypocrisy in chapter three. After escaping from the Bulgars, Candide was obviously in need of food and possibly medical attention, but could find no help. When he came upon a minister who had just spoken of charity, Candide asked for some food to eat, but was harshly turned away. After speaking of charity to others, the minister turned Candide away just because they didn’t share the same view of the Pope. To make matters worse, the minister’s wife proceeded to throw a pot of urine over Candide’s head. Voltaire used these rather repulsive acts to show the hypocrisy found in many church affiliated men of his time. One minute the minister was talking to the townspeople of charity and brotherly love, while the next minute he rudely dismissed a man in need of that very Christian ideal. While I don’t completely agree with Voltaire that the religious men of that time were so blatantly hypocritical, ... ... as it should be. Even after Candide traveled to England, he saw vicious acts of cruelty surrounding him. One example is the death of an admiral that did â€Å"not have enough dead men to his credit,† (111). Voltaire used this brutal death to show that the people of the times were more concerned with numbers than lives. A man was killed merely because he did not kill enough innocent victims. In Voltaire’s eyes, this was the worst form of brutality he could imagine. In a world where everything has a purpose, Voltaire could not see where unreasonable deaths fit in. Although the novella, Candide, was partially written for entertainment purposes, it was primarily written to discredit the views of Leibniz and Pope. These philosophers felt that the world around them was just as God would have it, but Voltaire adamantly disagreed. He presented his point of view by satirizing the Church, the arrogance of aristocrats, and war and violence. Voltaire looked at the world with the idea that there could be something done about all the evil in the world. Although he knew the world would never be perfect, he wanted people to see that the world they were living in was one that could be improved upon.

Aviation Expansion in the US

Aviation enplaments are soaring higher each year and they are deplaning into a system that is already saturated and bulging. The industry must expand and keep pace with this growth but this is being met with fierce opposition. This paper introduces the opposition coalitions and groups that are surmounting. It takes an in depth look at their number one concern, aircraft noise, and the effect it has on the health of those in the local airport communities. Several health studies are referenced and statistical information is offered throughout. Noise abatement is addressed and future growth figures are offered. John Q. Public wants to fly. He wants to fly in more numbers now than ever before. Forecasters explain that these numbers show no sign of decreasing in the near future. The only drawback to the industry is that the system is already saturated and bulging. As the demand to fly continues to ‘take-off', it is bringing with it serious delay, capacity, and environmental concerns. These issues must be addressed and answered before we can expand the aviation infrastructure. Airport planners have several attainable ways to accommodate and alleviate the major concerns to the system, but everyone of them are facing fierce opposition from those that feel they, and their communities, will be adversely affected. New runways, or extensions, have been proposed at 60 of the top 100 airports that lead in the number of annual enplanements. Studies for new airports have been conducted in New York, Boston, Seattle, San Diego, Chicago, and Miami, to name a few (Wells, 1996). For nearly every organization that is steadfast on building or expanding existing airports, there are a growing number of coalitions that oppose their ideas and are ready to challenge them. Most are local groups and communities that are confronting the governmental bodies in their own areas; but there are a number of national groups and even world-wide groups forming. With the availability of the World Wide Web, they are uniting in larger numbers and communicating their concerns with global reach. Pointing your web browser in the direction of any area proposing expansion and you will find numerous local groups and coalitions fighting to dismiss it. One such group is Sane Aviation For Everyone, Inc. (SAFE). This is a coalition of independent citizens groups and individuals in the New York City metropolitan area. SAFE is dedicated to stopping and reversing the environmental and health impacts of JFK, LaGuardia and Newark Airports. Vocal on many of the environmental problems caused by airports, they are extremely upset about a recent decision to bring more aircraft through the airports in their area (SAFE Home Page, 1998). In January '98, airlines were given exemptions to slot limitations, adding 21 additional daily operations at the airport despite a federally enacted ‘High Density Rule' that places limits on the number of flights into and out of Kennedy, LaGuardia, and other major airports (Bertrand, 1998). SAFE is currently looking to expand their scope to deal nationally and internationally with the aircraft noise issue. Some groups are set up for a specific cause, like that of the Airport Communities Coalition (ACC) in Seattle, Washington. They are opposing a proposal to add a third runway to the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (Sea-Tac). It was formed in 1993 because thousands of people living there claim that building a third runway would seriously diminish the quality of life in their communities and further pollute their air and water (ACC Home Page, 1998). The Seattle area also host the site of the Regional Commission on Airport Affairs (RCAA). The RCAA is a non-profit coalition of citizen groups and cities. They believe that further expansion of Sea-Tac Airport makes no sense, costs too much, and does too much damage to too many people. They favor demand management of the airport and support alternatives to expansion such as high speed rail. They also are addressing airport noise, air, and water pollution issues. The purpose of their Home Page is to provide citizens in King County, Washington State with the latest information on airport issues but, imperatively, they are providing citizens in airport impacted communities world-wide, with information and communication. They have an impressive supporting library and extensive links to other sites around the country (RCAA Home Page, 1998). One of the largest groups is the US-Citizens Aviation Watch (US-CAW). They are a national organization comprised of local airport groups, environmental organizations, and civic groups. They are concerned about noise, environment, public health and other quality of life issues related to aviation operations. While claiming to be a ‘national' association, they are linked with established organizations in 26 countries throughout the world. US-CAW's mission is to unite organizations and municipalities. Coalitions are forming from coast to coast. Their goal is to represent the interest of individual citizens (US-CAW Home Page, 1998). The focus of these coalitions is not limited to just opposing new airports or expansion issues. In areas where our military forces are drawing down, a viable option to building a new airport would be to convert a closing military airfield. Local residents have even put up resistance in this endeavor. One example is the growing concern over converting the closed El Toro Marine Corps Air Station in Orange County, California. The residents there have put up an impressive opposition Internet site to keep everyone informed on the issues. This Internet access affords the on-line populous, growing by millions each year, to be a key stroke away from getting involved. Their business and homeowner associations of the El Toro Coalition (ETC) favor non-aviation reuses for the field because there are at least eight airports with medium and long haul capability (five of which are international) within a 100 mile radius of El Toro (ETC Home Page, 1998). Another example is where the Department of Defense (DOD) is considering transferring what was once Homestead Air Reserve Base to Dade County, FL. County officials plan to develop an international â€Å"hub† airport serving South Florida and competing directly with Miami International Airport. In response to the proposed airport development project, a coalition of the country's top environmental advocacy organizations successfully mobilized in an effort to persuade the White House to save Everglades National Park and other unique ecological treasures in the area (Natural Resources Defense Council, 1998). The project is now on hold. It doesn't mater where, why, or who is opposing expanding aviation infrastructure, the issues are the same across their tally sheets. You don't have to be an environmental expert to understand there is an impact from aviation on a community. Air and water pollution, the impact on land values, health, and quality of life are all major issues. The most apparent environmental issue is that of noise and it appears to rank as the number one concern from opposition groups. No matter how well an airport serves its community, one of the most common complaints is the noise it produces. It has been the greatest barrier to building a new airport or its expansion (Wells, 1996). Opposition groups contend that airport noise is not just a minor annoyance that people living near airports should be ‘good sports' about and learn to ignore. Outside of the fact that it is a shear nuisance, aircraft noise may be posing more of a health problem than it suggest. In a study by the Health Subcommittee of the Environmental Impact Committee of the Regional Coalition on Airport Affairs, Dr. Dennis Hansen reported that airport noise results in a significant increase in community use of tranquilizers and sleeping pills. Airport communities have an increased rate of alcoholism, and admissions to psychiatric hospitals. He states airport related noise can literally drive people mad, has been positively associated with the development of hypertension, high cholesterol, and high blood sugar, all of which place people at increased risk of heart disease and stroke (Hansen, 1992). Another study has been linked to aircraft noise and sleep depravation. It has been argued that suburban residents desire a noise level no higher than 30 decibels (dB) at night when they sleep. The maximum noise level from an aircraft taking off would be approximately 90 dB. A noise level of 90 dB is roughly equivalent to that of a power mower outdoors. At least 75 percent of sleeping people will be awakened if exposed to noise levels over 74 dB. More importantly, over 50 percent of people will not be able to go to sleep if exposed to noise levels higher than 74 dB. The resulting sleep deprivation would potentially affect over 100,000 to 700,000 people living in the communities surrounding a commercial airport (Walther, 1997). Chronic noise is also having a devastating effect on the academic performance of children in noisy homes and schools. Cornell University researchers have confirmed that children in schools bombarded by frequent aircraft noise don't learn to read as well as children in quiet schools. The one major reason they have discovered is that the kids tune out speech in the racket (Science Daily, 1998). Speech and communication are affected when noise levels exceed 60 decibels. Excessively noisy schools have been shown to adversely affect the ability to solve simple problems as well as to learn mathematics and reading (Lang, 1997). The Airport and Airways Development Act of 1970 established a requirement that airport sponsors must afford the opportunity for public hearings for projects involving the location of an airport, a new runway or extension (Wells, 1996). This Act legally affords opposition groups the opportunity to voice their concerns and be represented in the proper forum. Implementation of operational airport noise abatement strategies is the airport's responsibility. The DOD took an early lead in working toward airport compatibility in 1973 with policies concerning public and private land in the vicinity of military airfields. The military's Air Installation Compatible Land Use Zones program evolved into the government's program for Noise Control And Compatibility Planning For Airports (AC 150/5020-1), or what have become commonly known as ‘FAR Part 150 Studies.' (Gesell, 1992) These Noise and Land Use Compatibility Studies consider and evaluate programs to reduce the impact of airport noise on communities. Through fiscal year 1998, there are currently 235 airports participating in the program, 217 airports have received Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) grants for Part 150 studies, and 193 have been approved for Noise Compatibility Programs (FAA, 1998). Aircraft noise is also being reduced through technological advances and procedural techniques. Engineers have designed quieter engines and made airframe modifications, but opposition groups feel a lot more needs to be done. Aircraft designers feel they are at a point where any further advances will be technically difficult, very costly, and degrade aircraft performance (Wells, 1996). With the growth of aviation at its current rate, numbers of flights are going to increase. This can only mean more noise, even if it is a little quieter. Deregulation of the airline industry has changed the way companies do business. The turning point was the Airline Deregulation Act, approved by Congress on Oct. 24, 1978 and signed into law by President Carter. Many of the benefits are positive, for instance lower fares and more choices. This has created a massive impact and dramatic increase in the number of passengers throughout the system. Domestic and international air travel have grown by staggering proportions over the last several decades, and that growth is expected to continue. Citing President Clinton's policies and the third longest economic expansion since World War II, Secretary of Transportation, Rodney E. Slater, announced that U.S. airlines have recorded a third straight year of strong growth; an encouraging sign that a continued upward trend is expected into the 21st Century. That announcement came on the heels of the release of the FAA's commercial aviation forecast, which revealed that an unprecedented 605 million people flew on the nation's air carriers in 1996 with enplanements expected to grow to nearly one billion by 2008 (Slater, 1997). Technological advances, developments in commerce and marketing and continuing changes in the airline industry are likely to fuel this growth. However, this projected growth will be impossible unless we adequately invest in the infrastructure to support it. The national airport system is the heart of that infrastructure. Failure to invest in needed capacity-enhancing projects, such as additional runways, runway extensions or new airport construction would severely hamper the growth of the industry and ultimately undermine the ability of our nation to compete in the global economy. Noise pollution affects millions of Americans, but citizens disturbed by aircraft noise constitute one of the most vocal groups speaking out against noise. Opposition groups like the Regional Commission on Airport Affairs and the US-Citizens Aviation Watch are growing in strength and have the potential of global reach through the World Wide Web. Airport noise can seriously affect the health and psychological well-being of those effected, especially when continued exposure is present. It has been the greatest barrier to building a new airport or its expansion. The government is not standing idly by. Many programs such as the Noise and Land Use Compatibility Studies have been put into action and are making funds available to help alleviate the problems in communities hardest hit. Aviation enplanements are growing. Forecasters are predicting that traffic shows no sign of decreasing well into the new century. This projected growth will be impossible unless we adequately invest in the infrastructure to support it.

How to Avoid Failing a College Class Even if You Dont Like It

How to Avoid Failing a College Class Even if You Dont Like It We’ve all been there. You sign up for a course that looked really great in the catalog, but once you actually start getting into it you realise it is nothing like you expected it to be. Or, maybe you find yourself having to take a mandatory class as part of a longer college course that you definitely would not have picked if you had any choice. Whatever the reason, you are in a situation where you are taking a class you really do not like! Aside from a lack of enjoyment, the big concern here is that you are now in danger of failing a college class! It is a lot more difficult to pass or to even focus on the work when you are not engaged with the subject! Let’s take a look at a few tips and tricks that will help you learn how to avoid failing a college class even if you don’t like it! Talk to Your Professor Sometimes the reason you are failing a college class can be things that would actually be incredibly easy to fix! If you are struggling, then the first step should be to talk to your professor. Let them know that you are struggling and are aware of your poor grades but want to do better. They may be able to help you pinpoint exactly why you are failing and offer advice on how to turn things around. They might offer: to revise a particularly tricky part of the course with you point you in the direction of a great tutor extend homework deadlines or even give you some extra credit projects to help claw back some grades. Remember, it is in your professor’s best interests for you to pass their class, so most of them will do whatever they can to help you succeed if you genuinely do want to pass but you must be willing to demonstrate genuine effort. Don’t expect them to give you a free ride without having to do any additional work. Evaluate Your Priorities When you are a college student, coursework is not always your first priority! You are not alone in this, we have all blown off a study session in favour of a dorm party! However, if you are failing a college class then you may need to spend some time revaluating your priorities. Cut back on the amount of time you are spending on extra-curricular activities to free up more time for studying. If you have a part time job you might want to drop one of your shifts or say no to overtime so you have more time to concentrate on classes. Finally, as difficult as it may be you will also need to cut back on the socializing. Now, we are not suggesting you spend every waking minute hitting the books, everyone needs to blow off some steam from time to time! However, you do need to find some balance. Save the partying for after you have handed in your assignments, maybe even treat it as a reward for all of your hard work! Join or Form a Study Group Sometimes, one of the best ways to avoid failing a college class is to lean on your peers for support. Join a study group or go about forming one of your own with a few of your classmates. Explain that you are struggling, and you will likely find that most of them are willing to lend you a little support. This could mean trying to explain things in a different way, so you can understand it better, or it could be looking over your notes and assignments to point out where you might be going wrong. Sometimes just getting a different perspective on things can totally change your outlook. Maybe your professor isn’t explaining things in a way you can grasp, but one of your friends can make you see what they were getting at by using a different method. Consider Withdrawing from the Class If you really can’t turn things around and it looks like you are definitely going to failing a college class then as a last resort you might want to consider withdrawing from the class. This is only going to work if its not a mandatory class for your course. However, if you don’t desperately need the class then having a withdrawal on your transcript rather than a fail is the lesser of two evils. Withdrawing is not going to affect your GPA the way a fail would. Each college has its own rules and cut off dates, so if this is something you are considering make sure to talk with a student advisor as soon as possible, but we do recommend exploring all of the other options first! Why Not Use an Essay Writing Service? When you are not enjoying a college class it can make writing essay assignments for it particularly challenging. Of course, if you can’t complete your papers then you are definitely going to struggle to pass the class! That’s why we would recommend using EssayTigers to help pull those grades up and avoid failing a college class. EssayTigers company employs experienced academic writers who can produce a quality essay that will earn you a good grade. Of course, it could get expensive to buy every assignment, but once you have a few you could use them as reference guides to help you complete your own papers. In conclusion, we understand how difficult it can be to do well in a class that you really are not enjoying. However, if you are willing to put in a little extra effort there are ways to failing a college class. Hopefully some of the techniques described above will be useful to you, but don’t forget that you have a student advisor for a reason and they can offer you lots of great advice and support.

How far would you agree that plural societies in South East essays

How far would you agree that plural societies in South East essays A plural society is one based on the principle that people of different races, religion and political beliefs live together within the same community. Western colonialism refers to the period in which the European countries mainly Britain, France and Holland, controlled a region or a country of their interests both economically and politically. South East Asian states had been under the control of the colonizing European countries since 1870s except the non-colonial Siam. Ethnic diversity had existed in pre-colonial South East Asia. There were differences in language or rather dialect, lifestyles and occupation although the people were of the same ethnic group. However, despite the pre-existing conditions in South East Asia, western colonization was seen as the key factor in the formation of plural societies. Unlike the earlier South East Asias conquerors, the Western colonial power didnt want to be at the same level as the indigenous people. According to Butcher and Taylor, the Europeans began placing greater distances between themselves and Asians. When more Europeans came to the colonies, all relations with other races came to an end because they were following the concepts of superiority and inferiority by which they considered themselves as the civilized group of people who came to South East Asia to teach the Asians their values and lifestyles. As indigenous people started to behave like Europeans and got English education, the Europeans couldnt see their uniqueness and superiority anymore and thus, they began to segregate Asians from their enclaves. The colour bar was used by the Europeans as a means of maintaining their supremacy. There is a variety of conditions that caused the development of plural societies in South East Asian states during the western colonial era. Since the Europeans regarded themselves as the ruling class in their colonies, they therefore had the right t...

Indians & Indian Policy in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Indians & Indian Policy in the USA - Essay Example According to Philip, in his book on the termination policy, he talks of the effect of the policy on native Indians. This is because the living condition of Indian tribes in reserves was worse and the government had to find a way to change the lives of Indians into normal lives. The termination policy took long to enforce and eventually it gave way to recognition of indigenous Indians as Americans1. One of the people involved in change of policy was the then American President, Harry Truman who wanted Indians to be recognized as Americans. However, this was not the only policy that affected the Indian Americans in the United States since other polices were effected on American Indians. Cynthia Cumfer in her book explains the experiences that the Cherokee and the Tennesseans underwent in the USA. For instance, the refusal by Indians to be civilized led to the white administration colonizing their lands for different uses. During the presidency of Andrew Jackson, the government wanted to engage the Indians in a manner that could ensure equal rights were awarded to Indians. According to Jackson, Indians were naturally liberal and that they could not be considered as primitive and uncivilized. This is because he thought that if Indians could be taught on civilization then they would enjoy equal rights and privileges as the white Americans2. As a result, the government saw the need for integration of the Indians into main stream American societies. This policy ensured that economic equality and education handed to the Indians at the expense of Indian traditions and culture3.

Data Collection for Subprime Mortgages for a dissertation Essay

Data Collection for Subprime Mortgages for a dissertation - Essay Example nal Bureau of Economic Research, describing the large scale impact caused by the financial market crisis in the year 2007, which was by far the largest financial shock since the Great Depression. The magnitude of the crisis could be comprehended by the widespread damage caused on the markets as well as other financial institutions which were the core of the financial system. Information about various aspects of subprime mortgage such as meaning & definition, the developments in sub prime financing for understanding various factors behind sudden substantial deterioration in subprime markets and its extensive impact on the broader financial markets, effect of widespread distribution of exposure to subprime debt on the financial markets, behavior of subprime borrowers in relation to loans with high default rates, etc could be found in the annual report published by The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (2007). This report could be accessed from (http://www.frbsf.org/publications/federalreserve/annual/2007/subprime.pdf) The report on â€Å"Analysis of Subprime Mortgage Servicing Performance† (Feb, 2008) by the State Foreclosure Prevention Group also contains vital information on servicers of subprime mortgage loans, description on the State Working Group, as well as key findings on issues such as loss mitigation option in case of delinquent borrowers, increase in use of loan modifications and other home retention options by servicers, payment resets on hybrid ARMs, state of the refinance options etc. This report could be accessed from: Primary sources of data collection or interviews would not be a feasible option in this case since the sheer magnitude and quantity of the data required for this type of research would make data collection from primary sources extremely time consuming and expensive. Moreover, primary sources of data collection would not be able to capture the essential outcomes required in this type of research. The type of data collection should

New House Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

New House Decision - Essay Example This paper will assess the consequences brought about by economics on every major decision we made. Furthermore, this will show the important things to be considered in buying a house with a purpose of helping anyone who is in the quest of deciding to purchase one. Economic Principles The first thing to be accounted for is the opportunity cost. McConnell & Brue (2005) defined opportunity cost simply as the value of the forgone opportunity to obtain something else when coming up to a decision. Opportunity costs include the possible gains from investing the same amount of money in a business or stock market instead of using it to pay for the down payment (Derrick, 2009). To obtain a house would mean foregoing the chance of earning interest from a possible investment using the same money. It would also mean foregoing the opportunity of going to a postgraduate program or a doctorate one. There were actually several things one forgoes in deciding to buy a new house. Another thing to consi der is the tradeoffs, from which opportunity cost arises. According to McConnell & Brue (2005), trade off is when you give up one thing to attain more of something else. It is more likely the same with the opportunity cost. The difference is that trade off is the decision itself while opportunity cost concerns the value of the thing given up. In decision making, most of the time, one has to choose an option rationally. In the case, one either has to choose between buying a house or not. If one will opt to purchase a house, his ability to buy another good declines. For example, if one chooses to get the house located near to his or her office, a part of the savings will be lost which could intently be used in buying clothes. So, she will buy fewer clothes, or worse, she will not buy anymore since the same amount of money was used to get the house. Another example would be the same amount used to buy a house could be spent in sending a child to a prestigious school. To others, purchas ing a house would mean sacrificing the education of their children. To arrive at a decision, one has to consider the benefits over the costs. Since buying a house is a life-changing decision, one must think of it carefully. Purchasing a house offers the soon-to-be homeowner long-term financial-related benefits like tax savings. Some people even agreed that it’s the best investment to make. Quealy & Tse (2010) said that â€Å"property taxes, the interest part of the mortgage payment, and in some cases, a portion of the common charges, are tax deductible.† Basically, homeowners can deduct mortgage interest, points or the charges by the mortgage lender, equity loan interest of up to $100, 000, home improvement loan interest, mortgage tax credit, and real estate tax or often called as property taxes. Mortgage interest deduction can be the largest among all other deductibles since one can deduct up to $1 million. When one takes a loan for major house improvement, he or she can deduct the interest payment without any limit, provided that the said improvement adds value to the house. To sum it all, it will be a huge tax savings. However, these tax deductibles can only be claimed if deductions are itemized rather than standard deduction. Another incentive a homeowner can get is that the values of real estates, over the years, have appreciated. Along with this is the fact that the value of the house appreciates. The costs to be incurred in purchasing,

Putting Our Brains on Hold Essay Example for Free

Putting Our Brains on Hold Essay The reading â€Å" Putting Our Brains on Hold,† by Bob Herbert, indicates that the United States is twelve among countries with college degrees. Also, this reading indicates that the percentage of people with college degrees has fallen, and that Americas young people are moving in the wrong direction at a time when college education is needed. Herbert says that engagement in issues that happen in society can lead to creative ideas and would enrich the lives of Americans. Many people are to blame for the society not engaging in the issues that happen in society. The most significant idea in this reading is parents, students, the educational establishment, government leaders, and the news media having the blame for not letting the society engage in the issues that happen to the society. Many children do badly in school because of their parents. Children of middle and upper classes are more likely to get high grades. Traumatic events can affect a child by giving that child a poor grade.The more time a parent spends with a child the more likely a child is to get a better grade. Children can do baldy in the classroom because of their carelessness.Teacher preparation is important for a teacher to be effective in the classroom. Good teacher preparation can have an affect on a students academic achievement. A teachers confidence can affect a students performance. It is important that teachers believe in themselves and in their abilities. The media can also affect childrens performance in school in a negative way. Television watching can replace activities that can help a child do better in school such as reading and doing homework. Television can also replace reading. Reading requires more thinking than television watching. Reading development. This is how television can affect a persons performance in school. Many people are not learning about the issues that happen in society. Many people are to blame for the society not engaging in the issues that happen everyday. This engagement can lead to creative ideas.

Use Of Steel In Building Design Construction Essay

Use Of Steel In Building Design Construction Essay Steel is a mixer from alloy which consists a lot of iron and around 0.2 % of carbon. Grade will affect the weight of it but normally it is 2.1% by weight. For iron, carbon is the most common alloying material, but it also uses other elements such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten. Carbon and other alloying elements likes what I mentioned just now are acting as a hardening agent. From doing so, it can prevent dislocations in the iron atom crystal lattice from sliding past one another. By control the amount of alloying elements, it can indirectly control the hardness, ductility and the tensile strength of the resulting steel. By increasing the carbon content, it can be made harder and stronger than iron, but such steel is also less ductile than iron. Steel also called as a versatile material because the composition and internal structure to tailor its properties can be adjusted by us. Due to this reason, we can produce steel for paperclips, steel bridges, thin strips of st eel for razor blades and large beam for column. Properties of steel Steel more or less is a linear elastic material, it has a strong tensile strength which made it can be bend into whatever shape that you like, and it also have the same compressive as the tensile strength . It different from concrete, as we know that concrete is very low in tensile strength but it has a strong compressive strength. However, with enough applied force, steel and other metals will cease to behave elastically and begin to behave plastically. When a material is linearly elastic, its deformation, or strain, will be directly proportional to the applied force and it will return to its original shape when the force is removed. A plastic material ,on the other hand, will permanently deform without breaking. In real life, we cant found such thing as perfectly elastic or plastic material. Material likes steel, the tensile strength and the compressive strength are concerned by structural engineers. When steel reaches its yield strength, It started to stretch and transition from elastic to plastic behavior. When there is more force that applied on steel, it will made it reaches its ultimate tensile strength and eventually it will break. Due to the high tensile strength that steel has, structural engineers take this advantage in their design. In some Natural disasters likes earthquake or major structural failure, the properties which steel has is very useful because it allows the structure to absorb extra load. For those material that too brittle, it will shatter instead of stretch, it possibly will cause the structure to crash down, but for material likes steel, when the structure is ruined, but its plastic behavior allows time for escape. Advantage of steel As all engineers know, steel is very useful in construction. There are a lot of advantages of using steel in construction. That is why so many construction in the world use steel as main material. 1. Recycling Use steel in construction only will generate a small amount of waste. For all those light gauge steel construction is 100 percent recyclable. In one year, over a trillion pound of steel was recycled. According from a trustable data, it shows steel industry annually saves energy up to 18 million households for a year. 2. Strong and Durability Compare with use wood for framing work, steel is significantly stronger than wood. Other than carbon fiber, there is no other material can match steels superior strength and durability. The reason we never apply carbon fiber in our building is because carbon fiber is much more expensive compare with steel. Building that uses steel will enable the building to resist earthquake, hurricanes and other natural disease. 3. Climate and Condition As we know, steel made from strong iron and carbon, so it will never crack, shrink, splinter, creep, split, or swell. Individual members of a wood-framed building react differently to climate changes. This wood movement may include expansion, contraction, warping, twisting, etc. 4. Weigh Steels weigh is 60 percent lesser than wood. 6 tons of steel can supports 2000 square foot home, but for lumber, it needs around 20 tons to support 2000 Sf home. Although steel is light but it is very strong. Use steel for foundations can make it be lighter; transportation and site handling are easier. Problem of steel There is no perfect material in this world; each material has their strong point and week point. For steel, the most serious problem is corrosion. Due to the moisture of the air, those steel that exposed to air will get rush easily. Owner of the house have to spend a lot of money to remove those rush steel and replace it with new steel. So rather than waste a lot of money to replace after it rush, engineer had found out some way to prevent it before get rush. 1. Materials resistant to Corrosion In real life, we cant find a material that can totally immune to corrosion in all environments. To prevent corrosion, we have to know the environment factor that causes them to rush. Corrosion Resistance Date are used to assess the suitability of material in an environment. 2. Protective coating For prevent steel from corrosion, protective coatings are the most widely used technique. Protective coatings separate the surfaces of the matter that will corrode from the factors in the environment which cause corrosion to occur. Even protective coating is a common way of corrosion control technique, but it doesnt mean it can 100 percent the surface. 3. Catholic Protection There is another way to prevent corrosion from using electricity. Catholic protection interferes with the natural action of the electrochemical cells that are responsible for corrosion. For those materials which always exposed to air or water, using Catholic protection method is a very good technique. Other than the corrosion problem, steel cant resist heat as well. So when in applied in column, it needs a thick layer of cement to resist fire. From doing this, when the building is in fire, people got a lot of time to run from the building before it collapse. Uses of steel in construction work The number of building keeps increasing nowadays with help of steel components all over the world. The engineer found out that steel that is very useful in the construction work due to the ability of tensile and compressive strength. Cost of steel also affordable by client. In a building, steel parts are the most strong, most solid and reliable type of all building material that can stand the test of time. Due to the reason which is steels are firm, and cheaper compare with other material, aesthetic, fire resist, do not require further treatment and it is environmentally friendly. Advantage of steel is enough to draw attention to metal and steel components; the only issue that needs even more elaboration is their elasticity and reliability. Nowadays people do not want to be scared anymore because of their firbeboard-house or pvc houses will be sweep away by storm, tornados and other natural disasters. Reliable, solid and firm components will brings trust to user. Corrosion is one of the biggest disadvantages of metal parts used for construction though nowadays most of the manufacturers heat-treat metal parts in order they become stainless and stone-like. Heat conductivity is another problem of metal structures that is why houses are not equipped with them in full scale. Structural-Steel Columns The method of securing the ends of a column greatly influences its strength. While wooden and cast-iron columns usually occur in building construction with flat or square ends, structural-steel columns are often used, having either hinged, flat or square, and fixed ends. Where the ends are securely fixed, so that the column is likely to fail in the shaft, before the end connections are ruptured, greater strength is developed than with columns having hinged or pinned ends. Columns having flat or square ends are somewhat stronger than hinged-end columns, but not so strong as those having their ends firmly secured. Light steel framing Thin sheets of galvanized steel can be formed into steel studs used as a building material for rough-framing in commercial or residential construction (pictured), and many other applications. The dimension of the room is established with horizontal track that is anchored to the floor and ceiling to outline each room. The vertical studs are arranged in the tracks, usually spaced 16 apart, and fastened at the top and bottom. Rectangular steel frame, or perimeter frame of the Willis building (at right) contrasted against the diagrid frame at 30 St Mary Axe, London, UK. The primary shapes used in residential construction are the C-shape stud and the U-shaped track, and a variety of other shapes. Framing members are generally produced in a thickness of 12 to 25 gauge. The wall finish is anchored to the two flange sides of the stud, which varies from 1-1/4 to 3 thick, and the width of web ranges from 1-5/8 to 14. Rectangular sections are removed from the web to provide access for electrical wiring. Steel mills produce galvanized sheet steel, the base material for light-gauge steel. Sheet steel is then roll-formed into the final profiles used for framing. The sheets are zinc coated (galvanized) to prevent oxidation and corrosion. Steel framing provides excellent design flexibility due to the inherent strength of steel, which allows it to span over a longer distance than wood, and also resist wind and earthquake loads. Light Steel Framing has been extensively used in cold climate countries due to its good thermal and structural behaviour. Heat loss reduction and tenement thermal comfort have been the main driving forces defining the design of these frames. The main issue to be addressed is how striving for thermal efficiency can lead to structural weakening and poor fire performance. ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel_frame) Summary Steel is a very important character in construction work. It can apply in concrete, farming work, beam, column, etc. Steel strong in tensile and compressive, so when apply in column, it can help column to easily crack or damage. Compare with wood make building, steel make building allow people run away from the building when it was in fire. Steel can be totally recycled, and it will not produce any waste when it apply in construction. Talk about the advantage, steel is strong and it can last longer than any material. Carbon fiber has same properties as steel, but cost of carbon fiber is extremely expensive compare with steel. There is no perfect material in the world, even steel is good, but it can corrode anytime when I expose to air or water. Client or owner spent a lot of money for the further treatment. So rather to spend money on the further treatment, they choose to do something on it before it install. Such way like coating, material resist, and catholic protection. Conclusion Initially I choose wood as the material of the assignment, but eventually I found out that steel is more common use and its properties is very unique. Steel much more stronger than wood, lighter than wood and talk about the further treatment, woods are easily spoil, so it will waste more money. But nowadays steels are getting lesser, we have to find another material to replace it, Carbon fiber has the same properties with steel but the problem is it is very expensive compare with steel. Recycle is the best way to solve this problem. Steel can be cycle easily, we can get the source from tin, old car, old buildings beam. From doing this, we can make sure